Using an integrated approach that combines classical morphology, 3D dental topography, and wear analysis, I examined teeth from Natufian, Pre-Pottery Neolithic, and Pottery Neolithic populations to understand how evolving subsistence strategies shaped tooth form and function. The analysis reveals notable differences in dental morphology, topography, and wear patterns across the Natufian, Pre-Pottery Neolithic, and Pottery Neolithic periods. These variations suggest shifting functional demands on the dentition as communities underwent major changes in subsistence, mobility, and food-processing practices. Rather than a uniform trajectory, the dental evidence points to regionally and chronologically structured patterns of change throughout the Pleistocene–Holocene transition.