Because of the exceptional degree of preservation of the fossil record and the density of the remains, the southern African Plio-Pleistocene paleontological sites play a major role in the search for human origins. The general aim of LHOSA is to shed new light on the taxonomic and evolutionary context of the southern African fossil hominins, and more particularly those from the prolific site of Sterkfontein, to further explore this long-standing conundrum.